274 行
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9.8 KiB
HTML
274 行
无行尾
9.8 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
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<title>Views : CodeIgniter User Guide</title>
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<meta name='author' content='ExpressionEngine Dev Team' />
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<meta name='description' content='CodeIgniter User Guide' />
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<div id="nav2"><a name="top"></a><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="myHeight.toggle();"><img src="../images/nav_toggle_darker.jpg" width="154" height="43" border="0" title="Toggle Table of Contents" alt="Toggle Table of Contents" /></a></div>
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<div id="masthead">
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" style="width:100%">
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<tr>
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<td><h1>CodeIgniter User Guide Version 2.0.1</h1></td>
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<td id="breadcrumb_right"><a href="../toc.html">Table of Contents Page</a></td>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" style="width:100%">
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<tr>
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<td id="breadcrumb">
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<a href="http://codeigniter.com/">CodeIgniter Home</a> ›
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<a href="../index.html">User Guide Home</a> ›
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Views
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</td>
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<td id="searchbox"><form method="get" action="http://www.google.com/search"><input type="hidden" name="as_sitesearch" id="as_sitesearch" value="codeigniter.com/user_guide/" />Search User Guide <input type="text" class="input" style="width:200px;" name="q" id="q" size="31" maxlength="255" value="" /> <input type="submit" class="submit" name="sa" value="Go" /></form></td>
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<!-- START CONTENT -->
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<div id="content">
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<h1>Views</h1>
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<p>A <dfn>view</dfn> is simply a web page, or a page fragment, like a header, footer, sidebar, etc.
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In fact, views can flexibly be embedded within other views (within other views, etc., etc.) if you need this type
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of hierarchy.</p>
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<p>Views are never called directly, they must be loaded by a <a href="controllers.html">controller</a>. Remember that in an MVC framework, the Controller acts as the
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traffic cop, so it is responsible for fetching a particular view. If you have not read the <a href="controllers.html">Controllers</a> page
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you should do so before continuing.</p>
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<p>Using the example controller you created in the <a href="controllers.html">controller</a> page, let's add a view to it.</p>
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<h2>Creating a View</h2>
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<p>Using your text editor, create a file called <dfn>blogview.php</dfn>, and put this in it:</p>
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<textarea class="textarea" style="width:100%" cols="50" rows="10">
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<html>
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<head>
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<title>My Blog</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<h1>Welcome to my Blog!</h1>
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</body>
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</html>
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</textarea>
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<p>Then save the file in your <dfn>application/views/</dfn> folder.</p>
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<h2>Loading a View</h2>
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<p>To load a particular view file you will use the following function:</p>
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<code>$this->load->view('<var>name</var>');</code>
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<p>Where <var>name</var> is the name of your view file. Note: The .php file extension does not need to be specified unless you use something other than <kbd>.php</kbd>.</p>
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<p>Now, open the controller file you made earlier called <dfn>blog.php</dfn>, and replace the echo statement with the view loading function:</p>
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<textarea class="textarea" style="width:100%" cols="50" rows="10">
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<?php
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class Blog extends CI_Controller {
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function index()
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{
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$this->load->view('blogview');
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}
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}
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?>
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</textarea>
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<p>If you visit your site using the URL you did earlier you should see your new view. The URL was similar to this:</p>
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<code>example.com/index.php/<var>blog</var>/</code>
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<h2>Loading multiple views</h2>
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<p>CodeIgniter will intelligently handle multiple calls to $this->load->view from within a controller. If more than one call happens they will be appended together. For example, you may wish to have a header view, a menu view, a content view, and a footer view. That might look something like this:</p>
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<p><code><?php<br />
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<br />
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class Page extends CI_Controller {<br /><br />
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function index()<br />
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{<br />
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$data['page_title'] = 'Your title';<br />
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$this->load->view('header');<br />
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$this->load->view('menu');<br />
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$this->load->view('content', $data);<br />
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$this->load->view('footer');<br />
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}<br />
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<br />
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}<br />
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?></code></p>
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<p>In the example above, we are using "dynamically added data", which you will see below.</p>
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<h2>Storing Views within Sub-folders</h2>
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<p>Your view files can also be stored within sub-folders if you prefer that type of organization. When doing so you will need
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to include the folder name loading the view. Example:</p>
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<code>$this->load->view('<kbd>folder_name</kbd>/<var>file_name</var>');</code>
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<h2>Adding Dynamic Data to the View</h2>
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<p>Data is passed from the controller to the view by way of an <strong>array</strong> or an <strong>object</strong> in the second
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parameter of the view loading function. Here is an example using an array:</p>
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<code>$data = array(<br />
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'title' => 'My Title',<br />
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'heading' => 'My Heading',<br />
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'message' => 'My Message'<br />
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);<br />
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<br />
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$this->load->view('blogview', <var>$data</var>);</code>
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<p>And here's an example using an object:</p>
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<code>$data = new Someclass();<br />
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$this->load->view('blogview', <var>$data</var>);</code>
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<p>Note: If you use an object, the class variables will be turned into array elements.</p>
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<p>Let's try it with your controller file. Open it add this code:</p>
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<textarea class="textarea" style="width:100%" cols="50" rows="14">
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<?php
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class Blog extends CI_Controller {
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function index()
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{
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$data['title'] = "My Real Title";
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$data['heading'] = "My Real Heading";
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$this->load->view('blogview', $data);
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}
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}
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?>
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</textarea>
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<p>Now open your view file and change the text to variables that correspond to the array keys in your data:</p>
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<textarea class="textarea" style="width:100%" cols="50" rows="10">
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<html>
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<head>
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<title><?php echo $title;?></title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<h1><?php echo $heading;?></h1>
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</body>
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</html>
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</textarea>
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<p>Then load the page at the URL you've been using and you should see the variables replaced.</p>
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<h2>Creating Loops</h2>
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<p>The data array you pass to your view files is not limited to simple variables. You can
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pass multi dimensional arrays, which can be looped to generate multiple rows. For example, if you
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pull data from your database it will typically be in the form of a multi-dimensional array.</p>
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<p>Here's a simple example. Add this to your controller:</p>
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<textarea class="textarea" style="width:100%" cols="50" rows="17">
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<?php
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class Blog extends CI_Controller {
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function index()
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{
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$data['todo_list'] = array('Clean House', 'Call Mom', 'Run Errands');
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$data['title'] = "My Real Title";
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$data['heading'] = "My Real Heading";
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$this->load->view('blogview', $data);
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}
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}
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?>
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</textarea>
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<p>Now open your view file and create a loop:</p>
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<textarea class="textarea" style="width:100%" cols="50" rows="24">
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<html>
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<head>
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<title><?php echo $title;?></title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<h1><?php echo $heading;?></h1>
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<h3>My Todo List</h3>
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<ul>
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<?php foreach ($todo_list as $item):?>
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<li><?php echo $item;?></li>
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<?php endforeach;?>
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</ul>
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</body>
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</html>
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</textarea>
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<p><strong>Note:</strong> You'll notice that in the example above we are using PHP's alternative syntax. If you
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are not familiar with it you can read about it <a href="alternative_php.html">here</a>.</p>
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<h2>Returning views as data</h2>
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<p>There is a third <strong>optional</strong> parameter lets you change the behavior of the function so that it returns data as a string
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rather than sending it to your browser. This can be useful if you want to process the data in some way. If you
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set the parameter to <kbd>true</kbd> (boolean) it will return data. The default behavior is <kbd>false</kbd>, which sends it
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to your browser. Remember to assign it to a variable if you want the data returned:</p>
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<code>$string = $this->load->view('<var>myfile</var>', '', <kbd>true</kbd>);</code>
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</div>
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<!-- END CONTENT -->
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<div id="footer">
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<p>
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Previous Topic: <a href="reserved_names.html">Reserved Names</a>
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·
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<a href="#top">Top of Page</a> ·
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<a href="../index.html">User Guide Home</a> ·
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Next Topic: <a href="models.html">Models</a>
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</p>
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<p><a href="http://codeigniter.com">CodeIgniter</a> · Copyright © 2006 - 2011 · <a href="http://ellislab.com/">EllisLab, Inc.</a></p>
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